The entire universe is composed of matter. Stars, planets, people, atoms, everything in the universe is made up of matter. Anything that has mass and volume is composed of matter.
Mass is defined as the amount of matter in an object. For example, a small pebble could have much more mass than a giant balloon because more matter is tightly compacted in a pebble than in a blown-up balloon. Matter and weight are sometimes confused, but weight is the measure of gravitational pull on an object, whereas matter is constant in a perpetual form.
Volume, on the other hand, is defined as the amount of space something occupies. So a blown-up balloon will have more volume than a pebble even though the pebble has more mass.
There are three main states of matter that we deal with most often: gas, liquid, and solid. The composition of each is based on how closely the molecules are to each other. The closest are solids. Liquid molecules are less compact than solids and therefore are fluid. Gas molecules are the farthest apart and travel the fastest, so they mostly can’t be seen.
These are the three main types of matter we learn about throughout middle and high school, and they make up almost all of our planet. It is possible to heat and cool elements to transform them into other states, such as freezing water (H2O) into ice cubes, temporarily making them solid. Still, without constant cooling, it will return to its natural state, as all matter does.
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